Basic HTML

BASIC HTML

Basic Tags
<html></html>
Creates an HTML document
<head></head>
Sets off the title and other information that isn't displayed on the Web page itself
<body></body>
Sets off the visible portion of the document

Header Tags
<title></title>
Puts the name of the document in the title bar

Body Attributes
<body bgcolor=?>
Sets the background color, using name or hex value
<body text=?>
Sets the text color, using name or hex value
<body link=?>
Sets the color of links, using name or hex value
<body vlink=?>
Sets the color of followed links, using name or hex value
<body alink=?>
Sets the color of links on click

Text Tags
<pre></pre>
Creates preformatted text
<hl></hl>
Creates the largest headline
<h6></h6>
Creates the smallest headline
<b></b>
Creates bold text
<i></i>
Creates italic text
<tt></tt>
Creates teletype, or typewriter-style text
<cite></cite>
Creates a citation, usually italic
<em></em>
Emphasizes a word (with italic or bold)
<strong></strong>
Emphasizes a word (with italic or bold)
<font size=?></font>
Sets size of font, from 1 to 7)
<font color=?></font>
Sets font color, using name or hex value

Links
<a href="URL"></a>
Creates a hyperlink
<a href="mailto:EMAIL"></a>
Creates a mailto link
<a name="NAME"></a>
Creates a target location within a document
<a href="#NAME"></a>
Links to that target location from elsewhere in the document

Formatting
<p></p>
Creates a new paragraph
<p align=?>
Aligns a paragraph to the left, right, or center
<br>
Inserts a line break
<blockquote> </blockquote>
Indents text from both sides
<dl></dl>
Creates a definition list
<dt>
Precedes each definition term
<dd>
Precedes each definition
<ol></ol>
Creates a numbered list
<li></li>
Precedes each list item, and adds a number
<ul></ul>
Creates a bulleted list
<div align=?>
A generic tag used to format large blocks of HTML, also used for stylesheets

Graphical Elements
<img src="name">
Adds an image
<img src="name" align=?>
Aligns an image: left, right, center; bottom, top, middle
<img src="name" border=?>
Sets size of border around an image
<hr>
Inserts a horizontal rule
<hr size=?>
Sets size (height) of rule
<hr width=?>
Sets width of rule, in percentage or absolute value
<hr noshade>
Creates a rule without a shadow

Tables
<table></table>
Creates a table
<tr></tr>
Sets off each row in a table
<td></td>
Sets off each cell in a row
<th></th>
Sets off the table header (a normal cell with bold, centered text)

Table Attributes
<table border=#>
Sets width of border around table cells
<table cellspacing=#>
Sets amount of space between table cells
<table cellpadding=#>
Sets amount of space between a cell's border and its contents
<table width=# or %>
Sets width of table — in pixels or as a percentage of document width
<tr align=?> or <td align=?>
Sets alignment for cell(s) (left, center, or right)
<tr valign=?> or <td valign=?>
Sets vertical alignment for cell(s) (top, middle, or bottom)
<td colspan=#>
Sets number of columns a cell should span
<td rowspan=#>
Sets number of rows a cell should span (default=1)
<td nowrap>
Prevents the lines within a cell from being broken to fit

Frames
<frameset></frameset>
Replaces the <body> tag in a frames document; can also be nested in other framesets
<frameset rows="value,value">
Defines the rows within a frameset, using number in pixels, or percentage of w idth
<frameset cols="value,value">
Defines the columns within a frameset, using number in pixels, or percentage of width
<frame>
Defines a single frame — or region — within a frameset
<noframes></noframes>
Defines what will appear on browsers that don't support frames

Frames Attributes
<frame src="URL">
Specifies which HTML document should be displayed
<frame name="name">
Names the frame, or region, so it may be targeted by other frames
<frame marginwidth=#>
Defines the left and right margins for the frame; must be equal to or greater than 1
<frame marginheight=#>
Defines the top and bottom margins for the frame; must be equal to or greater than 1
<frame scrolling=VALUE>
Sets whether the frame has a scrollbar; value may equal "yes," "no," or "auto." The default, as in ordinary documents, is auto.
<frame noresize>
Prevents the user from resizing a frame

Forms
CGI script. The HTML just creates the appearance of a form.
<form></form>
Creates all forms
<select multiple name="NAME" size=?></select>
Creates a scrolling menu. Size sets the number of menu items visible before you need to scroll.
<option>
Sets off each menu item
<select name="NAME"></select>
Creates a pulldown menu
<option>
Sets off each menu item
<textarea name="NAME" cols=40 rows=8></textarea>
Creates a text box area. Columns set the width; rows set the height.
<input type="checkbox" name="NAME">
Creates a checkbox. Text follows tag.
<input type="radio" name="NAME" value="x">
Creates a radio button. Text follows tag
<input type=text name="foo" size=20>
Creates a one-line text area. Size sets length, in characters.
<input type="submit" value="NAME">
Creates a Submit button
<input type="image" border=0 name="NAME" src="name.gif">
Creates a Submit button using an image
<input type="reset">
Creates a Reset button

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Special Characters for Web Designers

Basic Tags
`<html></html>` Creates an HTML document
`<head></head>` Sets off the title and other information that isn't displayed on the Web page itself
`<body></body>` Sets off the visible portion of the document


Header Tags
`<title></title>` Puts the name of the document in the title bar

Body Attributes
`<body bgcolor=?>` Sets the background color, using name or hex value
`<body text=?>` Sets the text color, using name or hex value
`<body link=?>` Sets the color of links, using name or hex value
`<body vlink=?>` Sets the color of followed links, using name or hex value
`<body alink=?>` Sets the color of links on click

Text Tags
`<pre></pre>` Creates preformatted text
`<hl></hl>` Creates the largest headline
`<h6></h6>` Creates the smallest headline
`<b></b>` Creates bold text
`<i></i>` Creates italic text
`<tt></tt>` Creates teletype, or typewriter-style text
`<cite></cite>` Creates a citation, usually italic
`<em></em>` Emphasizes a word (with italic or bold)
`<strong></strong>` Emphasizes a word (with italic or bold)
`<font size=?></font>` Sets size of font, from 1 to 7)
`<font color=?></font>` Sets font color, using name or hex value

Links
`<a href="URL"></a>` Creates a hyperlink
`<a href="mailto:EMAIL"></a>` Creates a mailto link
`<a name="NAME"></a>` Creates a target location within a document
`<a href="#NAME"></a>` Links to that target location from elsewhere in the document

Formatting
`<p></p>` Creates a new paragraph
`<p align=?>` Aligns a paragraph to the left, right, or center
`<br>` Inserts a line break
`<blockquote> </blockquote>` Indents text from both sides
`<dl></dl>` Creates a definition list
`<dt>` Precedes each definition term
`<dd>` Precedes each definition
`<ol></ol>` Creates a numbered list
`<li></li>` Precedes each list item, and adds a number
`<ul></ul>` Creates a bulleted list
`<div align=?>` A generic tag used to format large blocks of HTML, also used for stylesheets

Graphical Elements
`<img src="name">` Adds an image
`<img src="name" align=?>` Aligns an image: left, right, center; bottom, top, middle
`<img src="name" border=?>` Sets size of border around an image
`<hr>` Inserts a horizontal rule
`<hr size=?>` Sets size (height) of rule
`<hr width=?>` Sets width of rule, in percentage or absolute value
`<hr noshade>` Creates a rule without a shadow

Tables
`<table></table>` Creates a table
`<tr></tr>` Sets off each row in a table
`<td></td>` Sets off each cell in a row
`<th></th>` Sets off the table header (a normal cell with bold, centered text)

Table Attributes
`<table border=#>` Sets width of border around table cells
`<table cellspacing=#>` Sets amount of space between table cells
`<table cellpadding=#>` Sets amount of space between a cell's border and its contents
`<table width=# or %>` Sets width of table — in pixels or as a percentage of document width
`<tr align=?> or <td align=?>` Sets alignment for cell(s) (left, center, or right)
`<tr valign=?> or <td valign=?>` Sets vertical alignment for cell(s) (top, middle, or bottom)
`<td colspan=#>` Sets number of columns a cell should span
`<td rowspan=#>` Sets number of rows a cell should span (default=1)
`<td nowrap>` Prevents the lines within a cell from being broken to fit

Frames
`<frameset></frameset>` Replaces the <body> tag in a frames document; can also be nested in other framesets
`<frameset rows="value,value">` Defines the rows within a frameset, using number in pixels, or percentage of w idth
`<frameset cols="value,value">` Defines the columns within a frameset, using number in pixels, or percentage of width
`<frame>` Defines a single frame — or region — within a frameset
`<noframes></noframes>` Defines what will appear on browsers that don't support frames

Frames Attributes
`<frame src="URL">` Specifies which HTML document should be displayed
`<frame name="name">` Names the frame, or region, so it may be targeted by other frames
`<frame marginwidth=#>` Defines the left and right margins for the frame; must be equal to or greater than 1
`<frame marginheight=#>` Defines the top and bottom margins for the frame; must be equal to or greater than 1
`<frame scrolling=VALUE>` Sets whether the frame has a scrollbar; value may equal "yes," "no," or "auto." The default, as in ordinary documents, is auto.
`<frame noresize>` Prevents the user from resizing a frame

Forms
CGI script. The HTML just creates the appearance of a form.
`<form></form>` Creates all forms
`<select multiple name="NAME" size=?></select>` Creates a scrolling menu. Size sets the number of menu items visible before you need to scroll.
`<option>` Sets off each menu item
`<select name="NAME"></select>` Creates a pulldown menu
`<option>` Sets off each menu item
`<textarea name="NAME" cols=40 rows=8></textarea>` Creates a text box area. Columns set the width; rows set the height.
`<input type="checkbox" name="NAME">` Creates a checkbox. Text follows tag.
`<input type="radio" name="NAME" value="x">` Creates a radio button. Text follows tag
`<input type=text name="foo" size=20>` Creates a one-line text area. Size sets length, in characters.
`<input type="submit" value="NAME">` Creates a Submit button
`<input type="image" border=0 name="NAME" src="name.gif">` Creates a Submit button using an image
`<input type="reset">` Creates a Reset button